Propiedades balísticas de perdigones antidisturbios "menos letales" y su relación con trauma ocular severo en Chile / Ballistic properties of "less-lethal" shotgun pellets and severe ocular trauma in Chile

Se analiza el comportamiento balístico de dos tipos de perdigones "menos letales" usados por las fuerzas policiales en Chile para entender mejor los factores fundamentales que conllevan a la inusual cifra de lesiones oculares en el marco de las manifestaciones masivas ocurridas en Chile desde octubre de 2019. Para evaluar los riesgos de penetración y trauma ocular severo, se construyeron curvas de energía normalizada (E/a) en base a información publicada por las fuerzas policiales y fabricantes de municiones. Aun cuando el riesgo asociado al uso de las municiones según protocolos es leve, este artículo presenta que de todas formas existe riesgo de trauma ocular severo en todas las distancias de uso. La balística de los perdigones, combinada con la imprecisión de municiones multiproyec-tiles, son factores importantes para explicar la alta incidencia de trauma ocular severo. El caso de Chile es parte de un aumento global en la incidencia de lesiones oculares causadas por municiones consideradas menos letales, lo cual demanda una reevaluación de las políticas que regulan su uso.

The ballistic characteristics of two types of "less-lethal" multi-projectile shotgun rounds used by law enforcement in Chile are analyzed to better understand their contribution to the unusually high occurrence of ocular injuries at mass demonstrations since October 2019. Normalized energy (E/a) curves are constructed using publicly-available information from law enforcement and the manufacturers of the munitions to evaluate the risks of skin penetration and severe ocular trauma. Although the risk of penetration is small when these munitions are used according to local protocols, the risk of severe ocular trauma exists at all distances of approved use, and the ballistics of these pellets­along with the imprecision of multi-projectile shotgun rounds­help to explain the high inci-dence of severe ocular trauma. The example of Chile is part of a worldwide acceleration in the incidence of ocular injuries by "less-lethal" munitions and demands a reevaluation of their suitability for crowd control.

Ceramides: Nutrient Signals that Drive Hepatosteatosis

Ceramides are minor components of the hepatic lipidome that have major effects on liver function. These products of lipid and protein metabolism accumulate when the energy needs of the hepatocyte have been met and its storage capacity is full, such that free fatty acids start to couple to the sphingoid backbone rather than the glycerol moiety that is the scaffold for glycerolipids (e.g., triglycerides) or the carnitine moiety that shunts them into mitochondria. As ceramides accrue, they initiate actions that protect cells from acute increases in detergent-like fatty acids; for example, they alter cellular substrate preference from glucose to lipids and they enhance triglyceride storage. When prolonged, these ceramide actions cause insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, 2 of the underlying drivers of cardiometabolic diseases. Herein the author discusses the mechanisms linking ceramides to the development of insulin resistance, hepatosteatosis and resultant cardiometabolic disorders.

Assessment of breastfeeding knowledge and practices among working mothers in the federal capital territory Nigeria

Background: Inadequate infant feeding practices is a major contributor to the high burden of childhood morbidity and mortality in many countries. Female participation in the labour sector has increased and many of them return to work soon after giving birth posing a significant barrier to breastfeeding. This study assessed the knowledge and practice of breastfeeding among working mothers in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done among 360 working mothers selected by multistage sampling technique. Quantitative and qualitative data were collective using interviewer-administered questionnaire and key informant interview guide, respectively. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Scientific Solutions (SPSS) version 21.0 and significant level was set at p<0.05.Results: Two hundred and seventy-six (76.7%) of the respondents had good knowledge of breast feeding. More than three-quarters (77.2%) initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth, 201 (55.8%) practiced exclusive breastfeeding correctly and 201 (55.8%) introduced complementary foods on time. Median duration of breastfeeding was 14.6 months. Less than half of them (41.7%) had good overall practice of breastfeeding. Level of education, sector of work, knowledge of breastfeeding and availability of on-site crèche were significantly associated with practice of breastfeeding. Common barriers to breastfeeding included poor spousal support, no paid maternity leave and non-availability of nearby crèches. Most of the organizations observed had a breast feeding policy.Conclusions: This study revealed a gap between the knowledge and practice of adequate breastfeeding among the respondents and identified some perceived barriers to optimal breastfeeding.

Breast cancer in men

Breast cancer in males is a relatively rare entity. In the sub-region, several reports indicate a higher incidence rate compared to other regions in the world. For many years, management strategies were derived from evidence based protocols established for managing female breast cancer. There are however,differences in the epidemiology, presentation, molecular profiles and response to therapies including chemotherapy, hormonal and targeted therapies. Outcomes even though mirroring female breast cancer may actually exhibit differences dependent onstage, race, prognostic and economic variables. The lack of large randomized trials on this subject has resulted in ad hoc management practices across the globe. With new information from renewed interest in the subject, screening and diagnostic guidelines are being established for high-risk groups and we expect to see improvement in outcomes for patients with male breast cancer. This article attempts to bring to light a summary of the current interest, recommendations and controversies in the management of male breast cancer

Identifying patients for palliative care in primary care in Brazil: Project Estar ao Seu Lado's experience / Identificando pacientes para cuidados paliativos na atenção primária no Brasil: experiência do Projeto Estar ao Seu Lado / Identificando pacientes para cuidados paliativos en atención primaria en Brasil: la experiencia del Proyecto Estar ao Seu Lado

Objective: To present the process of identification of palliative care patients in a Family Health Strategy´s team in Brazil. Methods: The identification process ocurred 1) using the system of work of a Family Health Strategy Team and the principles of primary care and 2) by applying the SPICT, a tool to help identify patients who might benefit with palliative care. Results: Twenty-three patients were enrolled in the palliative care program at the beginning of the project. By the end of the 12 month period, we had identified 38 patients. Six patients died during the time period. Thus during 2015, 38 people were identified with palliative needs from a total population of 3,000 (1.2% of the practice population). Of these 58% (n=22) were women, 63% (n=24) over 65 years, 74.7% (n=28) reported white ethnicity. The most frequent major diagnoses were cancer (39.5%), psychiatric disease (18.4%), cardiovascular disease (15.8%), frailty (10.5%), dementia (10.5%), and respiratory disease (7.9%). Multimorbity was higher in patients over 65 years (t-test, p=0.009) with a median of four diseases. The most prevalent conditions among those suffering multimorbidity were cardiovascular disease (73.7%), psychiatric disease (65.8%), cancer (50%), frailty (39.5%), diabetes mellitus (31.6%), and respiratory diseases (23.7%). Conclusion: We applied a tool for identifying patients who would benefit from palliative care in primary care in a community of Rio Grande. It was practical and feasible. Its further refinement, implementation and evaluation in Brazil is indicated at community centres of Family Health Strategy, specifically taking account of social and economic factors.

Objetivo: Apresentar o processo de identificação de pacientes de cuidados paliativos em uma equipe de Estratégia de Saúde da Família no Brasil. Métodos: O processo de identificação ocorreu 1) utilizando o sistema de trabalho de uma Equipe de Estratégia de Saúde da Família e os princípios da atenção primária e 2) aplicando o SPICT, uma ferramenta para ajudar a identificar pacientes que poderiam se beneficiar com cuidados paliativos. Resultados: Vinte e três pacientes foram inscritos no programa de cuidados paliativos no início do projeto. Ao final do período de 12 meses, identificamos 38 pacientes. Seis pacientes morreram durante o período. Assim, durante 2015, 38 pessoas foram identificadas com necessidades paliativas de uma população total de 3.000 (1,2% da população de prática). Destes, 58% (n=22) foram mulheres, 63% (n=24) com mais de 65 anos, 74,7% (n=28) relataram etnia branca. Os diagnósticos principais mais frequentes foram câncer (39,5%), doença psiquiátrica (18,4%), doença cardiovascular (15,8%), fraqueza (10,5%), demência (10,5%) e doença respiratória (7,9%). A multimorbidade foi maior em pacientes com mais de 65 anos (t-test, p=0,009) com uma mediana de quatro doenças. As patologias mais prevalentes entre os que sofrem de multimorbilidade foram doença cardiovascular (73,7%), doença psiquiátrica (65,8%), câncer (50%), fragilidade (39,5%), diabetes mellitus (31,6%) e doenças respiratórias (23,7%). Conclusão: Aplicamos uma ferramenta para identificar e gerenciar pacientes que se beneficiariam dos cuidados paliativos na atenção primária em Rio Grande. Sua aplicação é prática e viável. Seu aperfeiçoamento, implementação e avaliação no Brasil é indicado nos centros comunitários de Estratégia de Saúde da Família, levando em conta especificamente fatores sociais e econômicos desse país.

Objetivo: Presentar el proceso de identificación de pacientes de cuidados paliativos en un equipo de Estrategia de Salud de la Familia en Brasil. Métodos: El proceso de identificación se realizó 1) utilizando el sistema de trabajo de un equipo de Estrategia de Salud de la Familia y los principios de atención primaria y 2) aplicando el SPICT, una herramienta para ayudar a identificar los pacientes que podrían beneficiarse con el cuidado pallativo. Resultados: Veinte y trés pacientes fueron inscritos en el programa de cuidados paliativos al inicio del proyecto. Al final del período de 12 meses, habíamos identificado a 38 pacientes. Seis pacientes murieron durante ese período de tiempo. Durante 2015, 38 personas fueron identificadas con necesidades paliativas de una población total de 3.000 (1,2% de la población de la práctica). De estos, 58% (n=22) eran mujeres, 63% (n=24) mayores de 65 años, 74,7% (n=28) reportaron etnia blanca. Los diagnósticos principales más frecuentes fueron cáncer (39,5%), enfermedad psiquiátrica (18,4%), enfermedad cardiovascular (15,8%), Fragilidad (10,5%), demencia (10,5%) y enfermedad respiratoria (7,9%). La multimorbilidad fue mayor en pacientes mayores de 65 años (t-test, p=0,009) con una mediana de cuatro enfermedades. Las enfermedades más prevalentes entre los que padecían múltiples enfermedades fueron enfermedad cardiovascular (73,7%), enfermedad psiquiátrica (65,8%), cáncer (50%), fragilidad (39,5%), diabetes mellitus (31,6%) y enfermedades respiratorias (23,7%). Conclusión: Se aplicó una herramienta para identificar y administrar pacientes que se beneficiarían de los cuidados paliativos en atención primaria en Rio Grande. Fue práctico y factible. Su mayor refinamiento, implementación y evaluación en Brasil está indicado en los centros comunitarios de Estrategia de Salud de la Familia, tomando en cuenta específicamente los factores sociales y económicos de este país.

Assessing the Value of a Nutrition and Dietetic Service Website.

Background: The Leicestershire dietetic service developed a website (www.lnds.nhs.uk) in 2004 with three levels of access; for the public, health care professionals (HCPs) and dietitians. Over 450 resources are available on the site. The website has never been evaluated, though is perceived as being used frequently by dietitians. Access to nutrition websites has increased over recent years. Marquis et al. and Buttriss [1,2] have discussed how nutrition websites are used by dietitians and the public and how and why their popularity has increased. The study aimed to explore the value attached to the department website, the costs of running it and make recommendations for future development of the website. Methods: The researcher developed a Survey Monkey (www.surveymonkey.com) questionnaire, containing 12 questions to assess how visitors used the website and what they viewed. This was attached to the website for 6 weeks in spring 2013. Local Health Information Services (HIS) and Google Analytics information was available to look at retrospective website activity. Information on departmental printing costs was available to see if this had reduced over the time the website had been live. Results: Fifty four website users responded to the online questionnaire and indicated that this sample of users visited the website regularly and could find the information they were looking for. On a scale of 1-5, with 5 being a very positive response, the average rating for useful information was 4.19 and the average rating from users for the quality of the information was 4.27. The retrospective information showed that users, repeat users and pages viewed had increased steadily over the last 3 years. Unique visitors had increased from 7986 in 2011 to 10641(predicted in 2013) and return visitors had increased from 50.9% in 2011 to 57.6% (predicted) in 2013. The website users were a range of patients/public, HCPs and dietitians and although most users were from the UK there was an increasing worldwide audience. The printing budget had reduced over recent years while the number of dietetic staff employed and patients seen had increased between 2010 and 2012. Discussion: The results of the online questionnaire and Google Analytics data provided information that indicated the range of visitors valued the website and could mostly find what they were looking for. Improvements were identified e.g. a better search facility and consideration given to setting up Facebook/Twitter accounts to allow user experience to be captured on an on-going basis. The website was a very cost effective way of providing, accessible, evidence based, patient centred resources when compared with other ways of providing dietary information to patients and HCPs in Leicestershire. Conclusions: The website was valued and should be maintained with consideration given to the improvements recommended.

Ocular metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma with ELM4-ALK translocation a case report with a review of the literature

Choroidal metastasis is the most common intraocular neoplasm and is associated with significant morbidity. In a small percentage of patients, ocular manifestation may be the initial presentation of a systemic malignancy and can be diagnostically difficult to distinguish from ocular primary malignancies. Herein, we present a case of a never-smoker whose ocular pathology was integral to the diagnosis and management of a lung adenocarcinoma harboring a rare oncogene. Through this case, we have explored important diagnostic and therapeutic considerations of pulmonary metastases to the choroid

Translation: MicroRNA Signatures as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets

No abstract available.

Burden of Acute Gastrointestinal Illness in Gálvez, Argentina, 2007.

This study evaluated the magnitude and distribution of acute gastrointestinal illness (GI) in Gálvez, Argentina, and assessed the outcome of a seven-day versus 30-day recall period in survey methodology. A crosssectional population survey, with either a seven-day or a 30-day retrospective recall period, was conducted through door-to-door visits to randomly-selected residents during the ‘high’ and the ‘low’ seasons of GI in the community. Comparisons were made between the annual incidence rates obtained using the sevenday and the 30-day recall period. Using the 30-day recall period, the mean annual incidence rates was 0.43 (low season of GI) and 0.49 (high season of GI) episodes per person-year. Using the seven-day recall period, the mean annual incidence rate was 0.76 (low season of GI) and 2.66 (high season of GI) episodes per person-year. This study highlights the significant burden of GI in a South American community and confirms the importance of seasonality when investigating GI in the population. The findings suggest that a longer recall period may underestimate the burden of GI in retrospective population surveys of GI.

Internationally, it is time to bridge the gap between primary and secondary healthcare services for the dying

Around two-thirds of people with incurable diseases in economically developed countries wish to die at home, but less than one-third succeed in doing so. Developing primary care-based services for the dying in the community is essential to reach and serve the whole population. Three typical "trajectories" or patterns of decline in the last year(s) of life have recently been described, and each of these may require different models of care to best meet the needs of patients. The palliative care approach must be urgently extended to patients with non-malignant conditions who have comparable concerns to and in some cases even greater and more prolonged unmet needs than cancer patients. Primary care professionals have the potential and ability to provide end-of-life care for most patients, given adequate training, resources and access to care facilities and specialist advice when needed. They are ideally placed to identify patients at diagnosis, hospital discharge or disease progression who might benefit from an early palliative care approach. In the UK, Australia and US, some important initiatives are gaining momentum to facilitate the delivery of primary palliative services. In Singapore, the involvement of family physicians in end-of-life care is very low. A local survey is currently being conducted to identify the challenges in getting more family physicians involved. Given adequate time and resources, community professionals throughout the world can provide effective, equitable, and accessible primary palliative care, and form a solid bridge of communication and support between primary and secondary care.

Identification of epididymis-specific transcripts in the mouse and rat by transcriptional profiling / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

As part of our efforts to identify novel contraceptive targets in the epididymis we performed transcriptional profiling on each of the 10 and 19 segments of the mouse and rat epididymidis, respectively, using Affymetrix whole genome microarrays. A total of 17 096 and 16 360 probe sets representing transcripts were identified as being expressed in the segmented mouse and rat epididymal transcriptomes, respectively. Comparison of the expressed murine transcripts against a mouse transcriptional profiling database derived from 22 other mouse tissues identified 77 transcripts that were expressed uniquely in the epididymis. The expression of these genes was further evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of RNA from 21 mouse tissues. RT-PCR analysis confirmed epididymis-specific expression of Defensin Beta 13 and identified two additional genes with expression restricted only to the epididymis and testis. Comparison of the 16 360 expressed transcripts in the rat epididymis with data of 21 other tissues from a rat transcriptional profiling database identified 110 transcripts specific for the epididymis. Sixty-two of these transcripts were further investigated by qPCR analysis. Only Defensin 22 (E3 epididymal protein) was shown to be completely specific for the epididymis. In addition, 14 transcripts showed more than 100-fold selective expression in the epididymis. The products of these genes might play important roles in epididymal and/or sperm function and further investigation and validation as contraceptive targets are warranted. The results of the studies described in this report are available at the Mammalian Reproductive Genetics (MRG) Database (http://mrg.genetics.washington.edu/).

Segment boundaries of the adult rat epididymis limit interstitial signaling by potential paracrine factors and segments lose differential gene expression after efferent duct ligation / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The epididymis is divided into caput, corpus and cauda regions, organized into intraregional segments separated by connective tissue septa (CTS). In the adult rat and mouse these segments are highly differentiated. Regulation of these segments is by endocrine, lumicrine and paracrine factors, the relative importance of which remains under investigation. Here, the ability of the CTS to limit signaling in the interstitial compartment is reviewed as is the effect of 15 days of unilateral efferent duct ligation (EDL) on ipsilateral segmental transcriptional profiles. Inter-segmental microperifusions of epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) increased phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in segments 1 and 2 of the rat epididymis and the effects of all factors were limited by the CTS separating the segments. Microarray analysis of segmental gene expression determined the effect of 15 days of unilateral EDL on the transcriptome-wide gene expression of rat segments 1-4. Over 11,000 genes were expressed in each of the four segments and over 2000 transcripts in segment 1 responded to deprivation of testicular lumicrine factors. Segments 1 and 2 of control tissues were the most transcriptionally different and EDL had its greatest effects there. In the absence of lumicrine factors, all four segments regressed to a transcriptionally undifferentiated state, consistent with the less differentiated histology. Deprivation of lumicrine factors could stimulate an individual gene's expression in some segments yet suppress it in others. Such results reveal a higher complexity of the regulation of rat epididymal segments than that is generally appreciated.

Parto mediante cesárea programada o fórceps medio: ¡Dejemos elegir a la paciente informada! / Elective Cesarean or Midforceps Delivery: Let the Informed Patient Choose!

Healthcare professionals must come to terms with three facts: 1) there is a compelling body of medical evidence implicating vaginal birth with pelvic floor injury which they must acknowledge and incorporate into their practice; 2) the biases inherent in the training of health care professionals colour their advice to patients and their management of the labour and delivery process; 3) women have the right to be involved in a dialogue with their health care professional concerning the relative values placed on the risks and benefits of different modes of delivery and the tools used to achieve them. Elective caesarean delivery is not the best choice for all women but a request for elective caesarean is legitimate and should be respected if a woman is properly informed. Midforceps delivery has a significant detrimental effect on the pelvic floor. Before forceps delivery is undertaken, a woman should be offered the opportunity to decline delivery by that method.

Los profesionales de la salud deben enfrentarse con tres hechos: 1) existe un importante cúmulo de certezas médicas que relacionan el parto vaginal con lesiones del piso pelviano, que los médicos deben reconocer e incorporar a su práctica médica; 2) los sesgos inherentes al entrenamiento de los profesionales médicos imprimen subjetividad al consejo que brindan a sus pacientes, así como a las conductas que toman durante el trabajo de parto y el parto en sí; 3) las mujeres tienen derecho a participar en un diálogo con su médico respecto de los valores relativos asignados a los riesgos y beneficios de los diferentes modos de parto, así como de los instrumentos utilizados para lograrlos. La cesárea programada no es la mejor elección para todas las mujeres, pero es legítimo que una mujer solicite una cesárea programada, y este requerimiento debería ser respetado si la mujer fue apropiadamente informada. El parto realizado mediante fórceps medio conlleva un significativo detrimento para el piso pelviano. Antes de realizar un parto con fórceps, debería ofrecerse a la mujer la oportunidad de rehusarse a dicho procedimiento.

An effective strategy for optimizing hemostasis following aortic root replacementt

For patients undergoing aortic root replacement with a prosthetic composite valve graft, bleeding from the annular and coronary artery suture lines remains problematic. The purpose of this article is to describe our current strategy for optimizing hemostatis during composite valve graft placement, which employs several recent modifications, including a double-layered annular suture line.

Transplante lobar experimental em suinos: enxerto proporcional na disparidade entre receptor e doador / experimental lobar transplantation in swine: graft in the discrepancy between donor and recipient

OBJETIVO - Perante a crítica falta de orgäos disponíveis para transplante pulmonar pediátrico. Na grande disparidade de tamanho do doador adulto e a criança pequena receptora, o lobo médio ou segmento pulmonar representa um enxerto de restrito leito vascular. Este estudo experimental testa a hipótese de que esse tipo de enxerto pode desenvolver hipertensäo pulmonar no animal receptor, ao final do período de crescimento. MÉTODOS - Foi utilizado um modelode sobrevivência de transplante pulmonar à esquerda em leitöes. Constitutiram-se três grupos de comparaçäo: I (n = 4) - transplante de lobo superior de doador adulto, enxerto proporcional ao receptor, mas irrigado por apenas dois ramos anterior; II (n = 6) - transplante de pulmäo imaturo de leitäo doador proporcionado. Os animais transplantados tiveram a funçäo do enxerto pulmonar estudada ao final de 3 meses, quando completaram o período de crescimento. RESULTADOS - A pressäo da artéria pulmonar do enxerto do grupo I (51,8 ñ 2,1mmHg) foi mais elevada do que no grupo II (40,4 ñ 2,5mmHg) e do que no grupo III (34,8 ñ 1,5mmHg), atingindo significância estatística (p = 0,0003). CONCLUSÖES - O enxerto lobar proporcional ao receptor, mas de leito vascular restrito, teve desempenho hemodinâmico comprometido no animal em crescimento. Esses dados sugerem que a proporcionalidade do enxerto näo deve prioritária e, antes, ser secundária a um adequado leito vascular do enxerto

Lesões ligamentares do tornozelo / Ankle ligament lesions

As lesões ligamentares agudas do tornozelo são comuns. A maioria delas ocorre durante a atividade esportiva entre 15 e 35 anos. Apesar da preferência dessas lesões, os protocolos de diagnósticos e tratamento apresentam grande variação. As lesões do complexo ligamentar lateral são, de longe, as mais comuns do tornozelo. A lesão ligamentar lateral ocorre, tipicamente, durante a flexão plantar e inversão, que é a posição de máximo estresse no ligamento talofibular anterior (LTFA). Por essa razão, o LTFA é mais comumente lesado durante o traumatismo e inversão. Em lesões por inversão de maior gravidade os ligamentos calcaneofibular (LCF), o talofibular posterior (LTFP) e o subtalar também podem ser lesados. A maioria das lesões ligamentares laterais do tornozelo resolve-se espontaneamente com tratamento conservador. O programa denominado "tratamento funcional" inclui a aplicação do princípio RICE (Rest - repouso, Ice - gelo, Compression - compressão e Elevation - elevação) imediatamente após a lesão, um curto período de imobilização e proteção com bandagens elásticas ou inelásticas e exercícios de mobilização precoce seguidos de carga precoce e treinamento neuromuscular precoce. Treinamento de propriocepção com pranchas de inclinação é iniciado assim que possível, usualmente após três a quatro semanas. Seu objetivo é melhorar o equilíbrio e controle neuromuscular do tornozelo. As seqüelas após lesões ligamentares do tornozelo são muito comuns. Cerca de 10 por cento a 30 por cento dos pacientes com lesões ligamentares laterais apresentam sintomas crônicos. Os sintomas geralmente incluem sinovite ou tendinite persistente, rigidez do tornozelo, edema e dor, fraqueza muscular e freqüentes falseios.

Pulmonary function after transplantation of grafts harvested from normothermic ischemia in a porcine survival model

We have previously shown the feasibility of lung procurement from nom-heart-beating donors in a porcine survival movel. Pulmonary function is now evaluated transplanted lungs subjected to 1 hour of normothermic ischemia in a similiar experimental model. Eight adult swine underwent left lung allotransplantation. Controls received lungs procured from heart-beating donors, and study group pigs received lungs harvest 1 hour after death from asphyxiation. Pulmonary function studies were undertaken 3 days after lung transplantation. Pulmonary vascular hemodynamics, pulmonary venous partial pressure of oxygen, dynamic airway compliance and resistence were equivalent in both grups. We conclude that transplanted lungs from non-heart-beating donors with 1 hour of warm ischemia are functionally viable